Critical Analysis of Turkey's Accession to the European Union Research Paper

Basic Analysis of Turkey's Accession to the European Union - Research Paper Example This article will include noteworthy hindrances and issues that have disrupted the general flow of Turkey like human rights, law and different changes they have to embrace. After this, the paper will attempt to anticipate the potential outcomes of EU passage for Turkey. The roots of the European Union can be followed back to the 1951 Treaty of Paris which set up the European Coal and Steel Community. This came after the trouble and the arrangement of old foes in Europe had finished in the two World Wars. The Second World War saw the express devastation of the most acculturated mainland on earth. The ensuing arrangement of the United Nations with the perspective on advancing human rights and worldwide security shaped the structure which gave the driving force for participation between countries in sub-districts. This paper focuses on that the European Union is a supranational association which is intended to manufacture a typical future for its part states through the coordination of arrangements inside these countries. The European Union spotlights on International Economic Integration of part states and this is done through unhindered commerce, customs associations, basic markets and monetary associations. The European Union is comprised of individuals with dominant parts that are etymologically Indo-European and strictly Christians . Just Estonia is the country that doesn't have these two highlights in its greater part populace. The expansion of the European Union is done dependent upon the situation. ... ean Union spotlights on International Economic Integration of part states and this is done through organized commerce, customs associations, basic markets and monetary unions5. The essential objective or finalite politique of the European Union is to make a Federal Europe focused on government assistance, security and success to its part states and citizens6. This infers the European Union is predominantly centered around advancing significant changes in the social and monetary prosperity through the sharing of shared characteristics and the advancement of exchange and different exercises that advance riches age and financial development. Socially, the European Union is comprised of individuals with greater parts that are etymologically Indo-European and strictly Christians7. Just Estonia is the country that doesn't have these two highlights in its larger part population8. Section to the European Union Although Turkey has solid associations with the European Union in both the verifia ble and geological sense, it is formally not an individual from the European Union. This is on the grounds that there are some significant section decides that every single hopeful country need to cling to. Turkey's situation regarding this matter falters and they need to acclimate to meet the majority of them. Generally, the expansion of the European Union is done on a one case at a time case basis9. This is on the grounds that before a part state joins, individuals on favorable terms should look at their status and agreeableness before conceding them the option to consent into the Union. An eminent case is that of the United Kingdom which had its application for participation vetoed by Charles de Gaulle's France on a few events. In any case, on account of the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), the augmentation was done through an orderly methodology where a gathering of hopeful part states were given a few

Innovative Techniques in the Sound and the Fury Essay Example

Inventive Techniques in the Sound and the Fury Essay In The Sound and the Fury The Sound and the Fury has been viewed for instance second to none of innovator American fiction (Cohen). Its distribution spoke to a watershed in American writing as it presented a few innovator procedures among which: the annihilation of sequential request, the division of the points of view, the expanded number of storytellers, the free affiliation method, the continuous flow. I have chosen three parts from the initial three segments of the novel so as to feature a portion of these new artistic gadgets. Each part speaks to the reacting storyteller perspective about the occasion that denoted the start of the decrease of the Compton family-cicadas blatantly misfortune. The main piece originates from the area April seventh, 1928 where step by step we get some answers concerning the Compton catastrophe. The storyteller Benny a most youthful child of the family, additionally a thirty-multi year man distressed by Idiocy-has no understanding of time or profound quality. Along these lines in his portrayal the present and the past circuit in confused manners making the appreciation of the plot hard to follow. Creatures recollections are mixing with the current happenings or amalgamate with one another. The occasions re described in the current state which renders whatever guarantee of order purposeless. He says that he could hear the fire and the rooftop and afterward he could hear Caddy strolling quick (Faulkner) along these lines the unmistakable move starting with one memory then onto the next is dark. This is another inventive method Faulkner utilized making a clear progression on the outside of the portrayal by atoning certain expressions starting with one scene then onto the next, a kind of concordance in tumult. We will compose a custom paper test on Innovative Techniques in the Sound and the Fury explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Innovative Techniques in the Sound and the Fury explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Innovative Techniques in the Sound and the Fury explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Adjacent to the discontinuity of the conventional direct time, the writer resort to another innovator gadget In request to catch the perusers consideration: he doesnt completely sagas the occasions, he just implies at them, we are just seeing the characters response to them. For instance, Benny, in spite of his folly, can detect that something awful has occurred when Caddy gets back home, strolling quick: We could hear Caddy strolling quick. Father and Mother took a gander at the entryway. Caddy passed it, strolling quick. She didnt look. She strolled quick. (Faulkner) However we can't determine what that thing is, we are left to envision it, to guess it. We are just observing Pennys and Cicadas response to it: Her eyes flew at me, and away. I started to cry. It went boisterous and I got up. Caddy came in and remained with her luck run out, taking a gander at me. Went toward her, crying, and she shrank against the divider and I saw her yes and I cried stronger and pulled at her dress . She put her hands out however I pulled at her dress. Her eyes ran. We were in the lobby. Caddy was all the while taking a gander at me. Her hand was against her mount Ana I saw close to eyes Ana I grain. Faulkner) I en occasion AT cays misfortune AT blatantly is never portrayed, this exclusion just adding to the expanded equivocalness of the novel. In spite of the way that it isn't obviously outlined every single significant character relate o it somehow, for it has an essential job in the improvement of the plot. It likewise shows up in the second segment of the novel June second, 1910 described by Question the oldest sibling. He goes to Harvard to finish his instruction however being profoundly set apart by the indiscrimination and resulting fall of his sister, end it all. In this area we get a brief look at the story from his viewpoint. Despite the fact that the present-day of this segment is very nearly eighteen years before the present-day of Pennys area, it in any case follows generally the sequential advancement of the novel, for while any of Beings memories are of their youth, the vast majority of Questions flashbacks record their youthfulness, especially Caddy unfolding sexuality and its outcomes on the family name and respect. As opposed to Benny, Question knows about time and can separate among present and past, among recollections and present occasions. Anyway he as well, appears to be fixated on the past and much of the time girls into thinking back front occasions. The flashbacks fling Question in muddled dynamic considering honor, inspiration, sin, blame, to conceptualize goals. Faulkner utilizes the continuous flow strategy all together o delineate Question perspective, contemplations, or tangible emotions. The cooperative procedures, the jumps in linguistic structure, the oversight of accentuation all innovator scholarly gadgets transform Questions portrayal into a genuine test for the reader,as the cognizance and union of the content are disposed of. For instance in a solitary square of content a past discussion with Caddy is interwoven with the memory of the conditions of her loss of virginity and with the external occasions of present time: Sold the field His white shirt was still in the fork, in the glinting shade. The wheels were spidery. Underneath the droop of the surrey the hooves flawlessly fast like the movements off woman doing weaving, decreasing without progress like a figure on a treadmill being drawn quickly offstage. Sold the field Father will be dead in a year they state in the event that he doesnt quit drinking and he wont stop he can stop since I since the previous summer and afterward theyll send Benny to Jackson I can cry I can even cry brief she was remaining in the entryway the following moment he was pulling at her dress and howling his voice pounded to and fro between the dividers in waves and she contracting against the divider getting littler and mailer[ ] (Faulkner). Question despite everything feels pride in his familys respectable and superb past yet additionally perceives that today that past is disintegrating endlessly. Stood up to with his dad pessimism and skepticism who exhortation him not to take so genuine Caddy pregnancy, and who additionally infers that his shock is expected distinctly to his own virginity, a pointless idea developed by men; and with Caddy sexual wantonness an unmitigated infringement of the perfect of womanliness found in his Southern code of respect he gets away from time in the main way he can that is by suffocating himself. In his point of view, passing is the main way o reclaim the wrongdoing which his sister had submitted, however as he can't complete the self-destructive settlement with Caddy, he does everything without anyone else. At long last he is an optimist, cast in a haggard and disintegrating world, ready to bite the dust for his thoughts. I en Tanta part AT ten KICK April ton BIBB Is described Dye Jason ten toner Trotter AT the Compton family. In contrast to his siblings, Jason is significantly more centered around the present, offering less flashbacks and less theoretical musings. The area has the nearest type of a customary novel, as the story is described in a pretty much sequential request ND the characters thoughts and contemplations are far less entangled than those in the initial two segment of the novel. This is just Faulkner approach to insinuate at his characters brain research: if Question is worried about highbrow standards and ideas, Jason is progressively realistic and practical. His story doesnt incorporate perpetual recognition of the past. He thinks about past conditions just in the event that they affect present time. Still he can't get away from his family heritage, as he is the main normal male individual from the Compton family, he needs to take the paper of the leader of the family. From this position he domineeringly make up for the enduring of his adolescence by mistreatment of his young niece, Caddies girl, Question, by unimportant burglary, by double dealing rehearsed against his feeble mother (Scott), by meanest torment toward his negro workers. In a severe tone and insidious way he remembers the past which molded his present: the offer of the field so as to pay for Question educational cost at Harvard who murdered himself, the loss of the Job as a financiers at Herbert bank, Cicadas spouse who withdrew the offer when he got some answers concerning Cicadas indiscrimination: Well, Jason likes work. I says no I never had college focal points in light of the fact that at Harvard they show you how to take a dip around evening time without realizing how to swim Then when she sent Question home for me to take care of too I says I surmise that is correct as well, rather than me going far up north for a Job they sent the Job down here to (Faulkner) From this segment we can see that Jason considers Caddy liable for the family and his own destruction. As he would like to think her first slip-up was the thing which set off the entire arrangement of catastrophes that happened to them and that in the long run prompted the appalling finish of the Compton heredity. Despite the fact that the three alternate point of view stand separated they are just three unmistakable lights shed on indeed the very same occasion, three distinctive central focuses. Pennys point of view can be circumspect as target as he doesn't give any translation or Judgment upon the things unfurling before his eyes. On the opposite Questions and Seasons points of view are Judgmental, abstract. So which of them is the correct one? We could inquire. The appropriate response is none what not. Be that as it may, this is actually what the creator is attempting to do : to show a multi-faceted truth. To represent the innovator measure which declared the demise of one unadulterated fact of the matter.

Interview of Health Care Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Meeting of Health Care Leader - Essay Example My job is to prompt and guide my understudies that can propel them to participate in academic work. In addition, I need to get ready nursing meetings to teach the learner nurture around a few parts of clinical nursing. I need to keep up clinical parts. I generally attempt to add to the scholarly network through viable positions of authority. How might you depict a pioneer? A pioneer is a person who have an unmistakable vision. A pioneer can give solid duty and drive their group towards the vision. Viable initiative aptitudes can get it going. Administration is the procedure of social impact. An individual can enroll the help and help of different partners in the triumph of a typical assignment. Successful pioneers expertly sort out a gathering of people to achieve a typical goal. In medicinal services area, pioneers need to oversee and control every single human services group of specialists, attendants and bolster staffs. It can assist the association with maintaining its hierarchic al vale. Successful initiative in social insurance association will assist with dealing with the requirements of patients who look for critical treatment and care. What are significant characteristics or qualities of pioneers? A pioneer needs to have uplifting demeanor, conduct and character that can drive a gathering of individuals towards the created objective. A pioneer should be trusted by other. The individual in question ought to have unrivaled trustworthiness and genuineness. A genuine pioneer ought to be energetic about their work and obligation. The person ought to have the devotion and energy to build up a few creative techniques to accomplish fruitful venture result. A decent pioneer ought to be certain about his dynamic capacity. The person in question ought to have the ability to attempt determined hazard under the dynamic procedure. A decent pioneer ought to give pledge to the greatness (Maxwell, 2005). The person in question ought to keep up high moral norms in the dy namic procedure. In addition, a pioneer in a human services association ought to rouse all the staffs inside the group to give viable execution. Successful inspiration procedure can improve bunch execution. It can straightforwardly reflect in the gainfulness of that association. What is your own way of thinking of administration? A pioneer is a notable individual who can lead a group toward the path where the destinations and objectives can be effectively cultivated. A decent and group situated pioneer by and large recognizes an issue and offers answer for it. The person in question can pull in the individuals lecturing and sharing their perspective on offering answers for the issues. For instance, during a crisis circumstance a decent social insurance pioneer need to take a fast choice inside a small amount of second. Powerful endeavor of calculative hazard can spare an existence of a patient during a crisis circumstance. Additionally, viable driving aptitudes can improve cooperati ve gathering work. Furthermore, a great head can attempt successful future procedures to accomplish authoritative goals. What realizing encounters have had the most effect on your very own advancement as a pioneer? Authority is extreme yet very intriguing. An individual can profit successful administration expertise through noteworthy work understanding and nonstop practice. Ability or aptitude is another significant angle that can change a dedicated individual to a decent pioneer. In my self-improvement as a pioneer, I needed to buckle down on my aptitude and ability. Sheer

Book Review and Summary Essay - 2750 Words

Book Review and Summary (Essay Sample) Content: Analytical Book ReviewNameInstitutionDateBook reviewThe Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy is an economic fiction written by Pietra Rivoli. The author, Pietra Rivoli, was born in 1957 and today is a professor of finance and international business Georgetown University the McDonough School of Business. The book is a first-person narrative that discusses the global economy and traces the production of cotton from Texas U.S.A. and how it finds its undisputed market worldwide. The book has been award winning work that earned the Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year award in 2005 and the Amazons Best Business Book in the same year.The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist examines the market, power, and politics of world trade has it origin at Texas in the cotton fields. CottonÂis grownÂat TexasÂand exported to China for processing. The author narrative is motivated by a couple that had lived in Texas entirety o f their lives farming cottons. The title of the book is a symbolic of what the book puts across. The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy denotes the journey the cotton grown in Texas finds their way in the global market dominated by other producers of the same commodity. The author provides a lengthy preface to open up his world to the audience and give an introduction of what he will look at. He acknowledges all the people who collaborated with him in his journey to producing this work. The jacket of the book depicts a picture of the content of the book as it reflects on the title. However, the title does not have an economic or financial appeal to the audience, and if the person sees it at a glance, one may be forced to disregard its content (Rivoli, 2005). This paper provides an analytical review of this book detailing every action as it happened.The author starts his work by describing the uniqueness of the cotton from Texas. He says that unlike the wine of France and ora nges from Florida, the cotton of Texas have stood the test of time to defend its indigenous and its world market dominance. He outlines the importance of cotton of cotton in Texas in that area by claiming that Texas will never have something of such importance even the tourism. To show the effect of cotton dominance of the Texas, he expresses thatÂit is possibleÂher T-shirt and mine could trace their origin back to Mexico (Rivoli, 2005). This start introduces the reader and the audience to the subject matter of the entire work.The author introduces to a resident of Texas, Nelson and Ruth Reinsch. The couple has defied the age, and Nelson, despite being 81 years old, he stands firm, tall and handsome. He has seen himself enjoy growing cotton in his life only mission four harvest when he was out during the Second World War. The world for a couple is still very interesting; this can be attributed to the returns they reap from growing cotton. Although cotton growing was once a b ackbreaking physical activity, today it is not and the farmers can navigate through the whims of nature and the market dynamics an yet continue profitable growing of cotton. The cottons of Texas compete with cotton from over other 70 countries around the world yet it continues to perform well, and the production per acre remains high. This has made it possible for Nelson and Ruth to stick to one occupation in their life and still continue to enjoy life (Rivoli, 2005). This chapter shows the pride of the cotton farmers in Texas in cotton and expresses how cotton growing has been a livelihood and lucrative to the farmers.Economists argue that almost all world dominance is temporary andÂstories that impress concerningÂnational industrialÂsuccessÂtypically culminate withÂpostscripts of the comparative advantage that has shifted from their favor. She sites examples of world dominance that came to end like the shifting of consumer electronics from United States to japa n to Hong Kong and to china among other dominance that faded. But for more than 200 years, the United State have been the undisputed leader of cotton growing in the world (Rivoli, 2005). United States competing with the poorest countries in the cotton production is not a satisfactory reason to explain why the American Cotton has maintained that competitive edge over that long.The subject matter and the economic conflict between the cotton growers of other countries and the U.S.A. cotton growing practices that the book addresses form the foundation of the storyline in the book. The author stipulates this by claiming that the success and dominance of the cotton from America surprise many, and economists think that there are other factors that push for that other than favorable climatic conditions. People wonder how a basic and downstream industry like cotton growing continues to thrive under advanced service-oriented economy. In an industry like cotton, unless there are other factors that come into play, ought to be little sustainable advantage. This is so because there lack product differentiation, lack intense price competition and low barriers to entry into the industry. This led to a business professor, Michael to state that advantages are exceedingly fleeting in industries where labor cost or natural resources are important to competitive advantage. For example,Âcotton growing because they require less capital and are open to many nations. The author stipulates the questions that she seeks to answer, and this draws the attention of the authors to want to get the answers and stimulates interest and suspense. The questions are what explainÂthe success ofÂAmerican cottonÂas an exportÂproductÂin a countryÂwithÂmerchandise trade deficitÂsinceÂ1975? And what explains the U.S. cotton producersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ability to export such a basic commodity to much poorer countries? Why there? And why was Chinese T-shirt born in Texas? (Rivoli, 2005).The answers to these questions were presented well in the subsequent section of the book in a logical manner that enhances the understudy and stimulates interest for further reading. She writes that it was not until Oxfam; a British charity felt that they had an answer to the questions. The organization released a report indicating the American farmers employ their skills at collecting government subsidies. In 2003, the poorest countries cried foul against the richest as they watched the United States farmers continue enjoying the flourishing and booming cotton growing in Texas while theirs had no stand in the market. The claim was that the U.S. government extends huge subsidies to the cotton growers in the America blocking their routes out of the poverty and making it impossible to compete with the farmers of Texas. The author uses examples to illustrate how the extension of subsidies to farmers have earned them an edge over other global farmers and thus sidelining t hem in the world market competition. This is the main reason that the writers give to explain the global market dominance (Rivoli, 2005). Nevertheless, there are other underlying reasons that the author discusses that have been factors in making the T-shirts from Texas go global.The author does well to discuss the factors that have been a major boost to the market dominance of the Texas cotton. The author uses her economic and financial knowledge to analyze which factors that could have helped the United States farmers to boost their production. She cites the farmers union as among the factors; these institutions insulate the farmers from variousÂmarket forces. The farmers have had a series of policies that help them mitigate the undesired effects of the market dynamics. The education and knowledge have been another asset in setting a competitive advantage for the cotton grown in the United States. These, according to the author, are the major reasons for the competitive advanta ge. The author analyses this and discuss how they could have possibly impacted to market makeshift advantage and global dominance. The chapter one ends well and helps an individual and the learner know the situation of cotton farming in the United States and the sources of the market advantage that they enjoy. The chapter is simple and direct, and the employment of the narrative approach in the preparation of the story makes the story interesting (Rivoli, 2005).The author uses the chapter two of the book to illustrate how the prolific farming of cotton took shape in the United States and happened to leapfrog the former world record producers within a short time. She gives an account of the journey the cotton farming in the United States has taken to the present day. The farming started at the time the cotton textile factories were the first one in the world. The entrepreneurial development in production of cotton cloth and yarns launched the industrial revolution in Britain. Series of technical improvements in spinning and weaving of yarns made large-scale production possible, and the manufacturing of cotton textiles moved from home to factory. She explains how the demand for the American cotton shape from the demand from England and worldwide. This happened when mass production of cotton commodities became possible due to the industrial developments and use of technology. This resulted to the reduced prices for garments and clothes making it possible for the common person to afford to dress attractively. In this case she illustrates how the ancient of cotton growing cropped from humble beginning.ÂCcommon citizens could not afford clothing to the time where everyone could afford a T-shirt from the cheap cotton products (Rivoli, 2005). The author complements her work through the use of direct quotes from nineteenth-century economists and historians anytime she feels appropriate. Book Review and Summary Essay - 2750 Words Book Review and Summary (Essay Sample) Content: Analytical Book ReviewNameInstitutionDateBook reviewThe Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy is an economic fiction written by Pietra Rivoli. The author, Pietra Rivoli, was born in 1957 and today is a professor of finance and international business Georgetown University the McDonough School of Business. The book is a first-person narrative that discusses the global economy and traces the production of cotton from Texas U.S.A. and how it finds its undisputed market worldwide. The book has been award winning work that earned the Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year award in 2005 and the Amazons Best Business Book in the same year.The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist examines the market, power, and politics of world trade has it origin at Texas in the cotton fields. CottonÂis grownÂat TexasÂand exported to China for processing. The author narrative is motivated by a couple that had lived in Texas entirety o f their lives farming cottons. The title of the book is a symbolic of what the book puts across. The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy denotes the journey the cotton grown in Texas finds their way in the global market dominated by other producers of the same commodity. The author provides a lengthy preface to open up his world to the audience and give an introduction of what he will look at. He acknowledges all the people who collaborated with him in his journey to producing this work. The jacket of the book depicts a picture of the content of the book as it reflects on the title. However, the title does not have an economic or financial appeal to the audience, and if the person sees it at a glance, one may be forced to disregard its content (Rivoli, 2005). This paper provides an analytical review of this book detailing every action as it happened.The author starts his work by describing the uniqueness of the cotton from Texas. He says that unlike the wine of France and ora nges from Florida, the cotton of Texas have stood the test of time to defend its indigenous and its world market dominance. He outlines the importance of cotton of cotton in Texas in that area by claiming that Texas will never have something of such importance even the tourism. To show the effect of cotton dominance of the Texas, he expresses thatÂit is possibleÂher T-shirt and mine could trace their origin back to Mexico (Rivoli, 2005). This start introduces the reader and the audience to the subject matter of the entire work.The author introduces to a resident of Texas, Nelson and Ruth Reinsch. The couple has defied the age, and Nelson, despite being 81 years old, he stands firm, tall and handsome. He has seen himself enjoy growing cotton in his life only mission four harvest when he was out during the Second World War. The world for a couple is still very interesting; this can be attributed to the returns they reap from growing cotton. Although cotton growing was once a b ackbreaking physical activity, today it is not and the farmers can navigate through the whims of nature and the market dynamics an yet continue profitable growing of cotton. The cottons of Texas compete with cotton from over other 70 countries around the world yet it continues to perform well, and the production per acre remains high. This has made it possible for Nelson and Ruth to stick to one occupation in their life and still continue to enjoy life (Rivoli, 2005). This chapter shows the pride of the cotton farmers in Texas in cotton and expresses how cotton growing has been a livelihood and lucrative to the farmers.Economists argue that almost all world dominance is temporary andÂstories that impress concerningÂnational industrialÂsuccessÂtypically culminate withÂpostscripts of the comparative advantage that has shifted from their favor. She sites examples of world dominance that came to end like the shifting of consumer electronics from United States to japa n to Hong Kong and to china among other dominance that faded. But for more than 200 years, the United State have been the undisputed leader of cotton growing in the world (Rivoli, 2005). United States competing with the poorest countries in the cotton production is not a satisfactory reason to explain why the American Cotton has maintained that competitive edge over that long.The subject matter and the economic conflict between the cotton growers of other countries and the U.S.A. cotton growing practices that the book addresses form the foundation of the storyline in the book. The author stipulates this by claiming that the success and dominance of the cotton from America surprise many, and economists think that there are other factors that push for that other than favorable climatic conditions. People wonder how a basic and downstream industry like cotton growing continues to thrive under advanced service-oriented economy. In an industry like cotton, unless there are other factors that come into play, ought to be little sustainable advantage. This is so because there lack product differentiation, lack intense price competition and low barriers to entry into the industry. This led to a business professor, Michael to state that advantages are exceedingly fleeting in industries where labor cost or natural resources are important to competitive advantage. For example,Âcotton growing because they require less capital and are open to many nations. The author stipulates the questions that she seeks to answer, and this draws the attention of the authors to want to get the answers and stimulates interest and suspense. The questions are what explainÂthe success ofÂAmerican cottonÂas an exportÂproductÂin a countryÂwithÂmerchandise trade deficitÂsinceÂ1975? And what explains the U.S. cotton producersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ability to export such a basic commodity to much poorer countries? Why there? And why was Chinese T-shirt born in Texas? (Rivoli, 2005).The answers to these questions were presented well in the subsequent section of the book in a logical manner that enhances the understudy and stimulates interest for further reading. She writes that it was not until Oxfam; a British charity felt that they had an answer to the questions. The organization released a report indicating the American farmers employ their skills at collecting government subsidies. In 2003, the poorest countries cried foul against the richest as they watched the United States farmers continue enjoying the flourishing and booming cotton growing in Texas while theirs had no stand in the market. The claim was that the U.S. government extends huge subsidies to the cotton growers in the America blocking their routes out of the poverty and making it impossible to compete with the farmers of Texas. The author uses examples to illustrate how the extension of subsidies to farmers have earned them an edge over other global farmers and thus sidelining t hem in the world market competition. This is the main reason that the writers give to explain the global market dominance (Rivoli, 2005). Nevertheless, there are other underlying reasons that the author discusses that have been factors in making the T-shirts from Texas go global.The author does well to discuss the factors that have been a major boost to the market dominance of the Texas cotton. The author uses her economic and financial knowledge to analyze which factors that could have helped the United States farmers to boost their production. She cites the farmers union as among the factors; these institutions insulate the farmers from variousÂmarket forces. The farmers have had a series of policies that help them mitigate the undesired effects of the market dynamics. The education and knowledge have been another asset in setting a competitive advantage for the cotton grown in the United States. These, according to the author, are the major reasons for the competitive advanta ge. The author analyses this and discuss how they could have possibly impacted to market makeshift advantage and global dominance. The chapter one ends well and helps an individual and the learner know the situation of cotton farming in the United States and the sources of the market advantage that they enjoy. The chapter is simple and direct, and the employment of the narrative approach in the preparation of the story makes the story interesting (Rivoli, 2005).The author uses the chapter two of the book to illustrate how the prolific farming of cotton took shape in the United States and happened to leapfrog the former world record producers within a short time. She gives an account of the journey the cotton farming in the United States has taken to the present day. The farming started at the time the cotton textile factories were the first one in the world. The entrepreneurial development in production of cotton cloth and yarns launched the industrial revolution in Britain. Series of technical improvements in spinning and weaving of yarns made large-scale production possible, and the manufacturing of cotton textiles moved from home to factory. She explains how the demand for the American cotton shape from the demand from England and worldwide. This happened when mass production of cotton commodities became possible due to the industrial developments and use of technology. This resulted to the reduced prices for garments and clothes making it possible for the common person to afford to dress attractively. In this case she illustrates how the ancient of cotton growing cropped from humble beginning.ÂCcommon citizens could not afford clothing to the time where everyone could afford a T-shirt from the cheap cotton products (Rivoli, 2005). The author complements her work through the use of direct quotes from nineteenth-century economists and historians anytime she feels appropriate.

Essay the Bad Seed - 875 Words

The world itself is full of people and the secrets hidden within. A prime example of this are from books like The Bad Seed by William March and We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley Jackson. These two novels both contain characters with many secrets, many dark secrets that cause them to hide and live away from society. In a sense, these characters live in â€Å"secret worlds†. Starting off with The Bad Seed, Rhoda, the main character who is responsible for violent crimes and her mother Christine who is the â€Å"guardian angel† that’s responsible for keeping Rhoda out of trouble. Just like Rhoda, the character Merricat from We Have Always Lived in the Castle is the one causing the trouble and her sister Constance is the protector. The dark†¦show more content†¦Later on in the novel, she then commits yet another murderous action on Leroy Jessup. The main reason being that she is afraid that Leroy will expose her of her deeds and so she decides to kill him. This is another example of how confused and naive Rhoda is and how she needs guidance from a strong-minded individual. The same applies to Merricat but she is lucky enough to have Constance as her support, who appears to be more strong-minded than Christine. After poisoning her family members with arsenic, Merricat expresses her feelings by saying, â€Å"Fate intervened. Some of us, that day, she led inexorably through the gates of death. Some of us, innocent and unsuspecting, took, unwillingly, that one last step to oblivion†. Fortunately for both her and Constance, Constance survived the poisoning attempt and Marricat supports this by saying, â€Å"Some of us took very little sugar.† Following the poisoning incident, the townsfolk have been starting to look down on them with disgrace and hate. This persuades the sisters to live a life of secrecy away from society. It’s the feeling of neglect, hate, being afraid and even being afraid of that possibl y led them to living this type of lifestyle. For example, in the book Merricat said, â€Å"I cant help it when people are frightened†. The people living within the town are showing that they’re afraid of her and want nothing to do with her. On another note, she also said, â€Å"I would have liked to come into theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Society Is A Box Of Apples964 Words   |  4 Pagescondition. However as you start reaching the bottom you find the bad apples, the ones that are bruised, expired, and have worms in them. I am those apples I was bruised because of my race, expired because of my ethnicities, and filled with worms from the nationality that I was not a part of. Race, ethnicity, and nationality are these qualities that defines a bad apple versus a good apple, a tainted apple or clean apple. Race is the seed of the apple. 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Do It Yourself Outsourcing Case Study 2 - 1689 Words

Do It Yourself Outsourcing: Case Study 2 Background: XYZ Marketing Company strives to provide excellent services to their clients. These services include e-commerce and marketing solutions. With the services provided, XYZ Marketing Company can gain new clients, retain their current clients, and also help their clients with a new strategy for marketing services. XYZ Marketing Company handles hundreds of e-commerce websites for clients on a daily basis. By doing so, this helps implement client market targeting and creates new strategies to increase revenue within the company. Client innovation solutions are created by XYZ Marketing Company, which are tailored specifically for each client and their needs. By having specific solutions for each client, this creates high satisfaction and keeps company’s trust and loyalty. XYZ Marketing Company has many clients all over the world. By expanding their business globally, it has kept them in business for over 25 years. Over the last five years, XYZ Marketing Company ha s expanded their services. These services include: Client Services, Finance, Business Strategies, Human Resources, and the Legal Department. Services to be Outsourced: After many deliberations, XYZ Marketing Company has decided to focus more on the core business aspects and outsource the non-core business aspects of the company. With this decision, the company must classify the core and non-core aspects of the company for which they would either focus on orShow MoreRelated Outsourcing Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesOutsourcing Outsourcing has become a very popular issue, and it has reached an all-time climax. Firms are starting to do this a lot more than than in the previous decade. What is outsourcing? Outsourcing is defined as â€Å"The procuring of services or products, such as the parts used in manufacturing a motor vehicle, from an outside supplier or manufacturer in order to cut costs.† And it has become a big issue in our country. 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You will

Organisation Using Action Research Model for Malaysia Airlines

Question: Discuss about theOrganisation Using Action Research Model for Malaysia Airlines. Answer: Introduction It is necessary to resolve an identified problem in an organisation. This is important because the problem might also be a critical one. Having problem in an organisation is much better than leaving that unidentified. Such issues might potentially damage the operation and the reputation as well (Saaty Vargas, 2012). In this assignment, the example of Malaysia Airlines is taken to understand the concept of action research model in repairing an issue. The chosen link is on a plane crash that happened in the year 2014 (Diehl, 2017). The main purpose of this assignment is to analyse the issue such as plane crash in Malaysia Airlines and the relevant action from the company in the governance of action research model. Identified issue After another incident of plane crash such as of a flight MH17 has shaken the problem investigation department. In earlier accident cases of few other different flights of Malaysia Airlines before, the necessity to have a globalised organisation that investigates independently the accident cases. Human errors were identified as an underlying cause behind the crash. Crew Resource Management (CRM), which is internationally identified, had believed to provide a significant relief from such cases. However, it somehow did not happen in this case. It was indeed not cared by some airline companies. Another issue was identified was the presence of an investigation body, which would operate globally and independently to investigate such accidents to find out the exact causes. Moreover, such program will help in identifying the issue, which is necessary to get any solution from the management of the respective company (Diehl, 2017). Changes made in the influence of action research model The incident and similar like such more accidents in the past has raised several questions on the governing body of the Malaysia Airlines (Ancel Shih, 2012). To mitigate the issue, the management has realised the importance of certifying the pilots under the certification course Crew Resource Management (CRM) (Hnsel et al., 2012). It was earlier not realised. Nevertheless, the training course is designed in such a way that it educates the pilots on the different human errors that may arise. There has been similar such accidents in past in the Malaysia Airlines. The company has identified the importance of conducting research to know the reasons behind the cause. This is for such reason it was felt that there should be an investigation body that investigate the entire matter with utmost use of technology and independently as well (Steven, Dong Dresner, 2012). The identified need requires an independent and highly competent operation, so as to find the exact cause behind the rising n umber of accidents. This is never possible with national based investigation body. However, there is a problem as such that it will be complicated to decide the appropriate body of investigation as there are both the country of occurrence and the country of manufacture. There lies the confusion. This will be confusing that whom to look for detecting the cause of accidents. Additionally, one of such countries might have their shortcomings in technology, which might deter them from finding accurate causes behind the accidents (Hussain, Al Nasser Hussain, 2015). This is because of all such reasons there is a requirement to have a United Nations Transportation Safety Board. It will really be challenging to rely on a national body. The united organisations body will take care of the existing organisations such as Malaysia Airlines. The management has shown its utmost inclination towards the urgency (Lin, 2012). The organisation has analysed the importance of action research model, which is why it has given importance to research works on the different accidents that the Malaysia Airlines had in past (Tripp, 2005). The company had first researched the reasons behind the accidents. This has helped the management team reach to a conclusion after conducting an extensive research on the probable causes behind the accident. After getting few probable reasons, they have cross checked those with the established reasons behind some other accident cases in past. A cross check study helped them to reach to a single cause, which is the human error. Human error has been identified as the actual cause behind many airline accidents. The action research model has helped to research on the causes. Moreover, the model has supplied the desired results. They have also analysed the importance to collaborate with the United Nations Transportation Safety Board. This will actually help them in getting helps on any accident if it happens in the coming future (Puah, Liew Arip, 2012). Conclusion and recommendation The tragedy as such of Malaysia Flight crash needs to be monitored with utmost technology and infrastructure supports. The air plane crash is always very susceptible to happen. Ever since the inception of airplane, things have not changed. However, the study has shown that the Malaysia Airlines has identified the probable reason behind the accident. The probable reason was the human error. The reason can well be diminished with the help of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training given to the pilots. Additionally, the paper has also identified that there is a need of a centralised investigation governing body, which is well equipped with technology and is operating independently. This is for such reason United Nations Transportation Safety Board came into existence. This is also because the nationalised body might not be technically equipped. Henceforth, they will succumb to flaws in their operation. Moreover, the country of manufacture and the country of occurrence might not be compe tent enough to handle the complexity. However, there should be an infrastructure development in every country in order to respond to the criticality in real time. Recommendation will be for improving the infrastructure capability of Malaysia Airlines. This will help them control the rising cases of accidents. This is because it will provide the country to have its own investigation set up. This is immensely required in order to get into the root causes of accidents and reduce the casualties. The facility development is extremely required to gradually improve in controlling the accident cases. References Ancel, E., Shih, A. T. (2012). The analysis of the contribution of human factors to the in-flight loss of control accidents. Diehl, A. (2017).Malaysia Airlines tragedy proves we need international investigative body. [online] PBS NewsHour. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/malaysian-airlines-tragedy-produce-global-safety-changes/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017]. Hnsel, M., Winkelmann, A. M., Hardt, F., Gijselaers, W., Hacker, W., Stiehl, M., ... Mller, M. P. (2012). Impact of simulator training and crew resource management training on final-year medical students' performance in sepsis resuscitation: a randomized trial.Minerva anestesiologica,78(8), 901. Hussain, R., Al Nasser, A., Hussain, Y. K. (2015). Service quality and customer satisfaction of a UAE-based airline: An empirical investigation.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, 167-175. Lin, W. C. (2012). Financial performance and customer service: An examination using activity-based costing of 38 international airlines.Journal of Air Transport Management,19, 13-15. Puah, C. H., Liew, S. L., Arip, M. A. (2012). Determinants of Capital Flight in Malaysia.Journal of International Finance and Economics,12(3), 5-10. Saaty, T. L., Vargas, L. G. (2012). How to make a decision. InModels, methods, concepts applications of the analytic hierarchy process(pp. 1-21). Springer US. Steven, A. B., Dong, Y., Dresner, M. (2012). Linkages between customer service, customer satisfaction and performance in the airline industry: Investigation of non-linearities and moderating effects.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,48(4), 743-754. Tripp, D. (2005).Action research: a methodological introduction.Education and research,31(3).

Practice Problems free essay sample

Evolutionary theories often emphasize that humans have adapted to their physical environment. One such theory hypothesizes that people should spontaneously follow a 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking—even if they are not exposed to the usual pattern of sunlight. To test this notion, eight paid volunteers were placed (individually) in a room in which there was no light from the outside and no clocks or other indications of time. They could turn the lights on and off as they wished. After a month in the room, each individual tended to develop a steady cycle. Their cycles at the end of the study were as follows: 25, 27, 25, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 25. Using the . 05 level of significance, what should we conclude about the theory that 24 hours is the natural cycle? (That is, does the average cycle length under these conditions differ significantly from 24 hours? ) (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing. (b) Sketch the distributions involved, (c) Explain your answer to someone who has never taken a course in statistics. We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Answer Null hypothesis H0: = 24 hours Alternative hypothesis: H1: ? 24 hours Df = 7 Critical t value = Â ±2. 36 Sample Mean = 25 Standard deviation = 1. 195 The test statistic used is P-value = 0. 049867231 Since calculated p-value 0. 049867231 is slightly less than 0. 05(significance level) therefore we reject the null hypothesis. Because there is enough evidence to support the claim that the average cycle length under experimental conditions is significantly different from 24 hours Ch. 8, Practice Problem: 18 Twenty students randomly assigned to an experimental group receive an instructional program; 30 in a control group do not. After 6 months, both groups are tested on their knowledge. The experimental group has a mean of 38 on the test (with an estimated population standard deviation of 3); the control group has a mean of 35 (with an estimated population standard deviation of 5). Using the . 05 level, what should the experimenter conclude? (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing, (b) sketch the distributions involved, and (c) explain your answer to someone who is familiar with the t test for a single sample but not with the t test for independent means. Answer Null hypothesis: Â µ1 = Â µ2 Alternate hypothesis: Â µ1 ? Â µ2 Pooled standard deviation = sqrt((19*3^2+29*5^2)/(20+30-2)) = 4. 32 t-statistic = (38 – 30)/(4. 32*sqrt(1/20+1/30)) = 2. 4056 degree of freedom = 20+30-2 = 48 t-critical = 2. 0106 As t-statistic is greater than critical t, we have rejected the null hypothesis. The scores for two groups are not same. The group that was been experiment on had higher scores. There is enough evidence to support that there is significant difference in mean knowledge of two groups. Ch. 9, Practice Problem: 17 Do students at various universities differ in how sociable they are? Twenty-five students were randomly selected from each of three universities in a region and were asked to report on the amount of time they spent socializing each day with other students. The result for University X was a mean of 5 hours and an estimated population variance of 2 hours; for University Y, M = 4, S2 = 1. 5; and for University Z, M = 6, S2 = 2. 5. What should you conclude? Use the . 05 level. (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing, (b) figure the effect size for the study; and (c) explain your answers to parts (a) and (b) to someone who has never had a course in statistics. Answer Null hypothesis: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean amount of time spent for socializing each day with other students by student from 3 colleges. Alternative hypothesis: H1: There is significant difference in the mean amount of time spent for socializing each day with other students by student from 3 different colleges. The test statistic used is F test (ANOVA). Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis, the value of test statistic is greater than the critical value of F. The sample provides enough evidence to support the claim that there is significant difference in the mean amount of time spent for socializing each day with other students by student from 3 colleges. Effect Size We calculate R^2 = 50/350 = 0. 143. Thats a measure of effect size. ANOVA test is used test whether there is difference in the mean amount of time spent for socializing each day with other students by student from 3 colleges. The Value of test statistic is greater than the critical value indicate that there is significant difference in the mean values. The effect size for the study is 0. 25. Thus 25% of the total variance in the amount of time spent for socializing each day with other students is attributed to the college. C. This means that there is good reason to think that not all of the colleges are the same. Furthermore, we can explain around 14% of the variability in time spent socializing. Ch. 11, Practice Problems: 11 Make up a scatter diagram with 10 dots for each of the following situations: 1. perfect positive linear correlation, 2. large but not perfect positive linear correlation, 3. small positive linear correlation, 4. large but not perfect negative linear correlation, 5. no correlation, 6. clear curvilinear correlation. For problems 12 to 14, do the following: 1. Make a scatter diagram of the scores; 2. describe in words the general pattern of correlation, if any; 3. figure the correlation coefficient; 4. figure whether the correlation is statistically significant (use the . 05 significance level, two-tailed); 5. explain the logic of what you have done, writing as if you are speaking to someone who has never heard of correlation (but who does understand the mean, deviation scores, and hypothesis testing); and 6. give three logically possible directions of causality, indicating for each direction whether it is a reasonable explanation for the correlation in light of the variables involved (and why). Answer A. Perfect positive linear correlation B. large but not perfect positive linear correlation C. small positive linear correlation D. large but not perfect negative linear correlation E. no correlation F. clear curvilinear correlation Ch. 11, Practice Problems: 12 Four research participants take a test of manual dexterity (high scores mean better dexterity) and an anxiety test (high scores mean more anxiety). The scores are as follows. Answer A. B. We see a negative relationship between the two variables. The correlation between dexterity and anxiety is negative. Higher values of dexterity tend to be associated with low values of Anxiety (and vice versa). C. Correlation coefficient r = -0. 9037 correlation coefficient from excel using the =correl () function. D. Ho: Correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to zero Ha: Correlation coefficient is less than zero Test statistic t = -2. 98481 P-value = 0. 048152 Since p-value is less than 5% we reject Ho and conclude that correlation coefficient is negative. E. Since the correlation was zero, what we have found is that seeing the data we have observed is highly unlikely. Concluding the variables are related in a significant way. If there is increase in dexterity there is decrease in anxiety. F. It might be the case that high dexterity is a cause of low anxiety. That is, the more skilled one is with ones hands, and the less likely they are to be anxious. On the other hand, it might be the case that high anxiety causes dexterity skills to be low. That is, a nervous person might have shaking hands, resulting in poor dexterity scores. The third possibility is that both variables are caused by a third unknown variable. That is, it might be the case that the tests were given under different time limits. Hence the more time you are given the less anxious you are to be and the more dexterous you are able to be because you have more time.

Advertisement and Promotion in Business The WritePass Journal

Advertisement and Promotion in Business Abstract Advertisement and Promotion in Business ). With the ongoing increase in competition across all industries, companies that fail to advertise or promote their products and services risk losing their competitive edge regardless of how proper the other elements of the marketing mix are (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). This paper covers different issues of advertisement and promotion. These include the marketing communications’ scope and below the line advertisement approaches that can be used to promote Pringles, one of their products. It also designs a plan for an integrated promotional strategy for Pringles. Task 1 – Scope of Marketing Communications 1. Explain the communication process that applies to advertising and promotion. Communication in advertisement and promotion aims to ensure that that the messages that businesses intend to pass to their consumers are effectively relayed (Shimp Andrews, 2013). There are different steps through which these messages undergo before arriving to their target audiences. In promotion and advertisement, the sender – in this case, the advertising company – encodes the message and relays it through a transmission device (Wharton, 2013). Encoding is the creative creation of cues that can either be verbal or non-verbal that will pass the intended message to customers in the most effective manner and also attract the highest possible attention among the target customers (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). After the message has been encoded, ideal transmission devices or avenues are used to pass the message (Wharton, 2013). With the different customer segments being targeted by companies, it is important to select the most ideal avenue through which the advertisement can be passed (Pride, 2013). The message is then decoded by the receiver, where it will trigger different actions in response to the advertisement, which include making purchases of the advertised products or services (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). Whereas companies expect the communication processes of advertisements to lack barriers, there are several that may limit the attainment of the intended advertisement objectives (Wharton, 2013). One of these is the presence of many other adverts by competing companies that may divide the attention of target consumers this is mainly referred to as clutter (Kaser, 2012). 2. Explain the organisation of the advertising and promotions industry. The advertising and promotions industry comprises of different entities. These include advertisers, advertising agencies, media organizations and external facilitators (Friedlein, 2014). The roles played by all these parties contribute towards the success of the industry. To ensure effectiveness of this industry, different countries have different approaches of managing these involved parties (Oguinn et al., 2011). In the United Kingdom and Europe, there are different bodies that are involved in the running of the industry. These include the European Association of Communications Agencies (EACA), and the Promotional Marketing Council (PMC) (Warc, 2014). EACA represents media agency associations and full-service advertising across Europe (EACA, 2014). It is based in Brussels, Belgium, and focuses on the promotion for responsible effective and honest advertisement. The organisation also promotes high levels of professionalism and fosters close cooperation among different advertisers, a gencies and media outlets in Europe. PMC, on the other hand, represents the sales promotion industry. Some of the parties represented include suppliers, clients and agencies across several countries in Europe (Warc, 2014). 3. Assess how promotion is regulated. Regulation involves the creation or certain rules and regulations to govern different activities in advertisement and promotion. In the United Kingdom, an advertising self-regulatory system for non-broadcast advertising was set up in UK in 1961. This step was taken to ensure that advertisements are responsible and achieve the purpose of making customers aware of products and their repurchase of the products. The UK regulates the promotion industry by using a combination of practice and legislation codes (Advertising Standards Authority, 2014). There are two regulatory committees that create, revise and monitor advertising codes. These are the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice (BCAP) and the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP). The BCAP code creates broadcast advertising rules while CAP creates rules for non-broadcasting advertising, direct marketing and sales promotion (Farrell Gordon, 2012). These rules are enforced by the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). With the changes that are always taking place in advertising, these rules are regularly revised to increase effectiveness (Kaser, 2012). However, keeping up with this pace is quite challenging because of the increase in advertisement avenues that has been made possible by technological advancements. As a result, increasing numbers of customers are falling prey to advertisers that advertise inexistent or poor quality products (Cho et al., 2014). 4. Examine current trends in advertising and promotion, including the impact of ICT. The current trends in advertising and promotion have majorly been influenced by the increase in the use of the internet and social networking among target customers, which has largely been as a result of ICT development (Friedlein, 2014). There are various internet related trends in product advertising and promotion. These trends include; social media, online display advertising and mobile advertising. Advertisements on the social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, are on the rise and are referred to as sponsored content (Seth Kapoor, 2014). Companies are taking advantage of the growing number of people using these avenues because in total, there are approximately 2 billion people signed up to different social media platforms (Tuten Solomon, 2012). Online display marketing is on the rise, and involves the advertisement of company websites on other websites that target consumers frequently use (Kaser, 2012). According to Persaud and Azhar (2012), an increase in the use of smartpho nes has also given rise to internet mobile advertising. This is where advertisers reach consumers personally through platforms, such as social media or sending links to company websites, in the form of text messages (Persaud Azhar, 2012). Whereas these developments provide a convenience of reaching a wide range of clients in a short time and on a smaller budget, there are also different associated demerits (Friedlein, 2014). One of these is the information risk that customers and companies may be prone to because of hacking (Cho et al., 2014). Social media has been regarded by some researchers as one of the fastest avenues through which information passes. Thus, any mistake by a company that may tarnish its reputation can be detrimental to its brand (Tuten Solomon, 2012). Task 3: Primary techniques of below-the-line technique of sales promotion 1. Explain primary techniques of below-the-line promotion and develop a BTL campaign for the brand, â€Å"Pringles† Below-the-line promotion Below-the line advertisement is a promotional strategy that tends to use other mediums apart from the typical ones like the internet, broadcast, print and billboards (Kaser, 2012). Many companies in the present-day business environment utilize this strategy alongside above-the-line and through-the-line advertisement (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). One of the main attributes of this approach to advertisement is that it is less expensive. However, many companies combine this with above-the-line promotions so as to maintain a better market position, below-the-line promotion being just as complement (Gautam, 2013). Several below-the-line advertisement techniques are discussed hereunder. Field marketing or promotion: It is a process through which salespeople target customers on a one-on-one basis with the aim of promoting certain products and services (Stone Desmond, 2007). One of the advantages of this approach is that it provides customers with a close interaction with the product being promoted and the salesmen. However, this is time consuming and some customers may not be quite welcoming to the salespeople (Sigala, 2010). The use of coupons: this below the line approach to promotion involves handing coupons to prospective purchasers of commodities and offering incentives or discounts to attract customers, especially those who are price-sensitive (Wharton, 2013). Given that such approaches often offer product at reduced prices for a short duration, there is always a risk of reduced sales when the company resumes its original prices (Kumar Rajan, 2012). Loyalty programs: These are packages that offer rewards to the frequent buyers of commodities due to their loyalty to the retail outlets (Grewal et al., 2011). Such programs are common in the airline industry, where frequent flyers of a given airline numbering a specified number of flights are awarded for their loyalty in different ways, which may also include free flights. These programs are however more ideal for customers with easy accessibility to the company products (Kaser, 2012). A below-the-line campaign for Pringles Pringles is a potato and wheat manufactured snack owned and run under the Kellogg Company (Pringles, 2014). Below-the-line advertisement can be used to compliment the current promotional strategies used. One of the below-the-line approaches that can be used to market Pringles is the field promotion or field marketing approach. To effectively implement this promotional strategy, it is vital for the company to recruit salespeople that have the experience and skills needed to enable them convince people they have never met before to choose the Pringles over competing products in the market (Kaser, 2012). Small samples ought to be distributed for free or be sold at a lower price. Considering that the company mainly targets teenagers and students (Gillespie Hennessey, 2010), it is advisable for the company to use younger salespeople who are more aware of how to approach and appeal to teenagers. The most ideal places that promoters of this product can target are those with high population of teenagers, like schools, colleges or recreational parks. Though this marketing approach provides an excellent avenue for building a relationship between the target customers and the brand, companies have to invest heavily in training salespeople or promoters to enable them deal with customers of diverse tastes and backgroun ds (Sigala, 2010). 2. Evaluate other techniques that can also be used in this BTL campaign. Apart from the above below-the-line approach that can be used by Pringles, there are several other methods that may be adopted to boost sales and promote the product. They are examined below. Pringles can use the Intercept method, where trained sales personnel are positioned at retail outlets besides the shelves holding Pringles in retail stores and supermarkets (Stone Desmond, 2007). Their main role is to persuade incoming buyers into the stores to purchase Pringles by highlighting their advantages over other competing products. Whereas this approach can increase the sales for the company, it has been criticized for causing impulse buying among customers (Pride, 2013). Sponsorship is also an ideal below the line promotional strategy that can be used by Pringles. This is whereby the company supports events and activities through provision of funds and other resources that are valuable to the success of the event (Woisetschlger Michaelis, 2012). For Pringles, this strategy can be implemented by sponsoring sports for schools and youth concerts. Awareness of the company or products can be increased by ensuring by printing T-Shirts, caps or any other apparel to be worn by those attending the event. Even with this convenience that the strategy offers to customers, it can be quite cost intensive for the company depending on the size or magnitude of the event being sponsored (Lee et al., 2012). This may have an adverse impact on the company’s return on investment. Task 4: Plan Integrated Promotional Strategies 1. Follow an appropriate process for the formulation of a budget for this integrated promotional strategy An integrated promotional strategy refers to an approach to promotion where a company uses different avenues to and tools to increase the awareness of products (Kaser, 2012). This section presents a plan for a promotional strategy that can be used to market Pringles. Even with the current success that it enjoys across the markets that it operates (Gillespie Hennessey, 2010), there is still a need for the company to penetrate more in the market and further increase its market share. To implement a successful promotional strategy, it is vital for the company to identify the resources or activities that will be involved. After they are identified, the appropriate budgetary allocation will be done to facilitate the strategy (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). The avenues that will be used in this promotion strategy are TV commercials, billboards and online advertisement through social media outlets. The budget is summarized as below. Promotional Techniques Budget allocation TV commercials  £1 million Billboards  £100,000 Social media promotion YouTube video advertisements  £50,000 Facebook  £50,000 Twitter  £50,000 Total  £1.25 million    23: Carry out the development of a promotional plan for the Pringles and plan the integration of promotional techniques into the promotional strategy for Pringles The table above represents the promotional techniques that will be used in the promotion of Pringles. TV commercials will be used by airing advertisements of the product on channels that air programs that are mostly viewed by the company’s target customers, who are teenagers and the youth (Saxena, 2010). The most ideal channels on which to air these advertisements are music or sports channels. Billboards will be effective if they are located in areas that are densely populated and are located close to outlets of the products. With an increasing number of people who have signed up on Facebook and Twitter social networks, advertising products on these sites also increases their visibility among the target audience (Tuten Solomon, 2012). It also enables the company to actively engage with the customers that it is targeting. Thus, it will be imperative for Pringles to consider utilizing these avenues for promotion. 4. Appropriate techniques for measuring campaign effectiveness There are different approaches that can be used by companies in measuring the effectiveness of their promotional campaigns. One of these is the amount of feedback from customers. This is usually mainly in form of inquiries through different avenues about the product being marketed (Pride, 2013). When inquiries are high, it means that the advertisement strategy was effective, and vice versa. Another approach that can be used is the estimation of sales prior to and after the launch of the promotional campaign or the return on investment (ROI) (Kaser, 2012). Successful promotional campaigns ought to result in an increase in sales levels of the company and create revenues that surpass the investment that was put in the promotional activity. For social media advertisements, tools such as SentiStrength can be used to assess the reception of consumers to the advertisements. SentiStrenth is a sentiment measuring tool that evaluates the level of positivity or negativity of short texts that ar e mainly used in commenting on social media sites (SentiStrength, 2014). Conclusion Advertisement and promotion are vital components of the marketing mix. Some of the roles that they play include increasing of awareness among target customers about a company’s products and attracting new customers. This paper has addressed different issues that relate to this component of marketing. Under the scope of marketing communications, the paper has explained how the communication works process in promotion. It has also discussed how the organisation and regulation of the advertisement industry in the United Kingdom. The concept of below-the-line advertisement and an integrated promotional strategy that can be used to market Pringles have also been presented. For companies that intend to maintain their competitiveness in the market and attract a wide range of customers, it s vital for them to ensure that their promotional strategies are relevant to their target audiences. Whereas this paper has provided an in-depth understanding on the concepts of advertising and prom otion, in future, primary research can be incorporated, with members of the marketing department and a section of its target customers as respondents. References Advertising Standards Authority, 2014. About Regulation. [Online] Available at: asa.org.uk/About-ASA/About-regulation.aspx [Accessed May 2014]. Cho, S., Huh, J. Faber, R.J., 2014. The influence of sender trust and advertiser trust on multistage effects of viral advertising. Journal of Advertising, 43(1), pp.100-11. EACA, 2014. About Us. [Online] Available at: eaca.eu/ [Accessed 31 May 2014]. Farrell, T. Gordon, R., 2012. Critical social marketing: investigating alcohol marketing in the developing world. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), pp.138-56. Friedlein, A., 2014. Six trends in advertising you need to know for 2014. [Online] Available at: marketingweek.co.uk/opinion/ashley-friedlein/six-trends-in-advertising-you-need-to-know-for-2014/4009135.article [Accessed May 2014]. Gautam, A., 2013. A study on (below the line) promotion strategies of telecom industry in western (Up) circle (India) with special reference to Reliance Communication. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(22), pp.74-79. Gillespie, K. Hennessey, ‎.D., 2010. Global Marketing. Mason: Cengage Learning. Grewal, D. et al., 2011. Innovations in retail pricing and promotions. Journal of Retailing, 87, pp.43-52. Kaser, K., 2012. Advertising and Sales Promotion. Mason, USA: Cengage Learning. Kumar, V. Rajan, B., 2012. Social coupons as a marketing strategy: a multifaceted perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), pp.120-36. Lee, D.-C., Hung, L.-M. Chen, M.-L., 2012. Empirical Study on the Influence among Corporate Sponsorship, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Cohesiveness and Turnover Intention. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(2), pp. 43-53 Mishra, P., 2009. Sales Management: Keys to Effective Sales. New Delhi: Global India Publications. Oguinn, T., Allen, C. Semenik, R., 2011. Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Mason: Cengage Learning. Percy, L. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2012. Strategic Advertising Management. Oxford: Oxford University press. Persaud, A. Azhar, I., 2012. Innovative mobile marketing via smartphones: are consumers ready? Marketing Intelligence Planning, 30(4), pp.418-43. Pride, W.M., 2013. Marketing 2014, 17th ed. Mason: Cengage Learning. Pringles, 2014. Products. [Online] Available at: pringles.co.uk/products [Accessed 31 May 2014]. Reynolds, P. Lancaste, ‎G., 2013. Marketing. New Jersey: Routledge. Saxena, R., 2010. Marketing Management 4E. London: McGraw-Hill Education. SentiStrength, 2014. Sentiment Analysis. [Online] Available at: http://sentistrength.wlv.ac.uk/results.php?text=Luois+Vuitton+have+nice+clothes+but+i+hate+their+pricessubmit=Detect+Sentiment [Accessed 19 May 2014]. Seth, S. Kapoor, K., 2014. Fostering Creativity Innovation In Marketing Communication through Social Media. The International Journal Of Business Management, 2(1), pp.19-24. Shimp, T. Andrews, J.C., 2013. Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason: Cengage Learning. Sigala, M., 2010. The Handbook of Field Marketing: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Outsourcing Face-to-face Direct Marketing. Journal of Product Brand Management, 19(1), pp.67-68. Stone, M.A. Desmond,J ‎., 2007. Fundamentals of Marketing. London: Routledge. Tuten, T.L. Solomon, M.R., 2012. Social Media Marketing. New York: Prentice Hall. Warc, 2014. Promotional Marketing Council. [Online] Available at: warc.com/ContentandPartners/PromotionalMarketingCouncil.info [Accessed May 2014]. Wharton, C., 2013. Advertising as Culture. Bristol: Intellect. Woisetschlger, D.M. Michaelis, M., 2012. Sponsorship congruence and brand image: A pre-post event analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 46(3/4), pp.509-23.

Moda Operandi A New Style of Fashion Retail Case Study

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Athens and Sparta :: essays research papers fc

During the period of Greek history from the last years of the Persian Wars till the beginning of the First Peloponnesian War, the primacy of Sparta declined whileAthens was gaining increased influence in Greece. The Athenian, Thucydides (460-400 BC), one among few contemporary historians, left behind the most creditable records about this period. Although he did not give enough documentation for many events he described, his Histories remained the main resource of the facts from that time. In consideration of the fact that he was an Athenian and a participant of the Athenian army, future historians could not entirely count upon his writing. In the 480-479 BC there was great anxiety about the strength and magnitude of the Persian threat. Although the Greeks had managed to force Persians retreat from the Greek mainland, the danger of reconquest by the Persians was still present. In the battle of Plataea (479 BC), the Greeks, under the Spartan regent and general Pausanians, obliterated the Persian army. The Greeks also won a naval victory at Mycale. Although the war drugged on for many years, these two victories marked the end of the Persian threat to Europe and the beginning of the period of Greek greatness. The idea of panhellenism - the awareness of Greek unity- appeared as a reaction to the fear of the Persian invasion. This is how Persia helped the Greece to recognise their identity, which gave significance to the year 479 BC to be marked as the beginning of the Classical Greek period. At the other side, the year 479 BC does not represent a vital turning-point in politics. Sparta’s control over her allies was still unbroken. After the Greeks’ triumph on Plataea, when the fear of the Persian invasion decreased, the idea of the united Greeks started diminishing. Phthonos (envy) was what characterised the relationship between Sparta and Athens, and between many other city-states after the Persian Wars. Their rivalry was constant. The most important direct result of the wars was the establishment of Athens as dominant Greek naval power. This gave Athens the opportunity to create, in the years to come, an extensive empire over the newly won territories which had no parallel in earlier Greek history. A new political order emerged among the Greek states centred on the two great powers of Athens and Sparta that was to have a profound effect on later Greek history.