A New England Nun By Mary E WIlkins Essays - A New England Nun

A New England Nun by Mary E WIlkins In "A New England Nun", Mary E. Wilkins Freeman depicts the life of the classic New England spinster. The image of a spinster is of an old maid; a woman never married waiting for a man. The woman waiting to be married is restricted in her life. She does chores and receives education to make her more desirable as a wife. This leads to the allegories used in this short story. The protagonist life paralleled both of her pets' lives, her dog Caesar's and that of her little yellow canary. Both comparisons are of restriction and fear of freedom. The animals and the woman of this story are irreversible tamed by their captivity, and no longer crave freedom. Ideas of sin guilt and atonement are also present between the woman and the dog. These images typify nineteenth century beliefs of women and their place in society. This story of Louisa Ellis is an allegory for woman, and uses the levels of allegory ironically. The stories of the dog and the bird layer the theme to help represent Louisa's life, who in turn represents the Eighteenth century woman of society. Louisa's animals and their relationship to her suitor are further links between her and her pets. The suitor brings out different traits than the norm in both the animals and the woman of this story. The man's influence is seen as disruptive. Man is s een as a threat to the serenity and security of a spinster's life. Imagery put forth by this story, and by stereotypes of the day is of the new England spinster. Women who were not married yet, lived a life of chores and piousness. They learned their domestic chores and other things that would make them presentable as a wife. They did gardening work, read literature, mended clothing and the sort. These women were dependent on men to come and take them, to change their lives. Those who were not chosen were called old maids or spinsters. They typically were wealthy enough not work, so they lived a singular existence at their homes. Their homes became prisons. Leaving the home was possible but there was nothing out of their home environment, so they were left with no other choice but to lead their domestic life. The routine of their domestic chores became a part of their essence leading to the almost manic neatness of Louisa's home. Louisa was upset by Joe Dagget when he disturbs her autograph book and her gift book. She has a specific placement of the books. Joe transposes the order when he finished looking at them. This annoys her greatly, so she returns the books to their original order as if was compulsive. The order of her house like the structure of her life gave Louisa a sense of security. She becomes nervous if not angry when Joe later knocks over her work basket. The order of her house is so compulsively exact that she feels the need to remove his tracks from the rug. Joe Dagget and Louisa Ellis were engaged for over fourteen years. He went to Australia to make his fortune, while Louisa waited patiently for Joe's return. While Joe was away her mother and brother both died leaving her alone. She became used to solitude and even grew fond of it. When Joe returned he disturbed her life, just as he disturbed her work basket. Louisa's dog Caesar was chained up in the yard. He lived a lonely existence with only his dog house and a couple feet of chain in his world. Caesar was a prisoner of his home as Louisa was a prisoner to her's. The dog became accustomed to solitude and would not know any other way of existence. Joe came back after fourteen years to take Louisa away from her prison, but also would have freed the dog. Joe said " . . . and it's down- right cruel to keep him tied up there. Someday I'm going to take him out." Louisa objects to this fearing the animal nature of the dog that had laid dormantly for fourteen years. Around the same time as Louisa and Joe became engaged, Caesar bit one of

Free Essays on Death Of A Sales Man

A Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Tragedy was a very controversial issue in literature until recent years. Recent figures in literature have set a clear definition for tragedy. Author Miller is one of these figures. Plays and novels have distinguished the definition of tragedy. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary tragedy is a serious piece of literature typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror. Miller’s explains that a tragic hero does not always have to be a monarch or a man of a higher status. A tragic hero can be a common person. A tragedy does not always have to end pessimistically; it could have an optimistic ending. The play Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, is a tragedy because its hero, Willy Loman, is a tragic figure that faces a superior source, being the American dream and the struggle for success. Loman also excites pity in the reader because of his defeat and his inability t o become a success or teach his children how to make their lives successful. Miller defines a flaw as â€Å"an inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what one conceives to be a challenge to one’s dignity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Penguin USA) Loman fulfills many of the requirements of being a tragic hero. Willy is not â€Å"flawless† in his actions, which by Miller’s standards make him a tragic hero. It is not wrong for Willy to have flaws and it does not make him a weaker man but a tragic figure. Miller designed the play so that Willy could be a tragic hero and for this he needs to have a flaw. Willy’s flaw is that he is unable to see things in a more realistic perspective. Charley says something in the play that sums up Willy’s whole life. He asks him, "When the hell are you going to grow up?" Willy’s spends his entire life in an illusion. He sees himself as a great man that is popular and su... Free Essays on Death Of A Sales Man Free Essays on Death Of A Sales Man A Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Tragedy was a very controversial issue in literature until recent years. Recent figures in literature have set a clear definition for tragedy. Author Miller is one of these figures. Plays and novels have distinguished the definition of tragedy. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary tragedy is a serious piece of literature typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror. Miller’s explains that a tragic hero does not always have to be a monarch or a man of a higher status. A tragic hero can be a common person. A tragedy does not always have to end pessimistically; it could have an optimistic ending. The play Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, is a tragedy because its hero, Willy Loman, is a tragic figure that faces a superior source, being the American dream and the struggle for success. Loman also excites pity in the reader because of his defeat and his inability t o become a success or teach his children how to make their lives successful. Miller defines a flaw as â€Å"an inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what one conceives to be a challenge to one’s dignity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Penguin USA) Loman fulfills many of the requirements of being a tragic hero. Willy is not â€Å"flawless† in his actions, which by Miller’s standards make him a tragic hero. It is not wrong for Willy to have flaws and it does not make him a weaker man but a tragic figure. Miller designed the play so that Willy could be a tragic hero and for this he needs to have a flaw. Willy’s flaw is that he is unable to see things in a more realistic perspective. Charley says something in the play that sums up Willy’s whole life. He asks him, "When the hell are you going to grow up?" Willy’s spends his entire life in an illusion. He sees himself as a great man that is popular and su... Free Essays on Death Of A Sales Man Seeking the American Dream of Success Arthur Miller’’s â€Å"â€Å" Death of A Salesman†Ã¢â‚¬  could be described as a study in the American Dream ideology, a system that at times is indescribably brutal and at other times compassionates. Author Miller's plays are usually associated with real life issues filled with failure and disappointment. The author's main character, Willy Loman, is a traveling salesman that spends his whole lifetime trying to find success based on looks and popularity. Willy Loman is a product of this ever-increasing society, obsessed with measuring success by popularity and material wealth and unfortunately emphasizing these principles upon his family. For Willy Loman, to be liked was the definitive criterion of life success. The American dream of wealth and luck became Willy’’s dream, and it almost became reality. Willy realizes that in fact he has lived his life in vain, never achieving nor succeeding but remaining a shad ow of his ambition. It is this sudden insight that urges him into a fantasy, afraid to face the future. It is only through Willy’’s failure as a salesman that his innate desire for the outdoors is exposed. At the end of the play, Charley mentions, â€Å"â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ He was a happy man with a batch of cement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ so wonderful with his hands †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ he had the wrong dreams, all wrong.†Ã¢â‚¬ . It has been often said that the play emphasize the path not taken may have been the right one, still Willy holds the inability to see who and what he is. Miller has created Willy’’s wife Linda in such a way, that it is difficult to confirm whether she is a positive or destructive force upon him. It is hard to understand why she allows this deception to rise to the level that it does. The love Linda holds for Willy is relentless. She sees herself as his protector, allowing him to laps into his illusions where he feels contentment. But i n her love for her husband she is ironically his destroyer. Linda in he...

Social learning theory in child psychology Essay

Social learning theory in child psychology - Essay Example All these theoretical formulations have facilitated child psychologists and therapists to understand child behavior in terms of the interaction among such factors as one’s environment, behavior and psychological processes where positive and negative reinforcements play a pivotal role in modulating the child’s behavior patterns. Bandura goes on to purport that â€Å"children learn and imitate behaviors they have observed in other people† and his social learning theory is rooted on three basic models of observational learning- live, verbal and symbolic model (Cherry). The modeling process involves four stages-attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. This understanding has been proved to be crucial in child psychology as children internalizes many of their behavior patterns and subsequent behavioral problems through observation and modeling from their immediate life environment. However, Bandura also held that external or environmental reinforcement alone does not modulate behavior; he stressed on â€Å"intrinsic reinforcement as a form of internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment† through which the behavior of the person is shaped (Cherry). Thus, it is significant that the child develops a sense of intrinsic reinforcement in his behavior along with th e large amount of extrinsic reinforcements that he receives from others. It is also worthwhile to analyze how Beg and Beg regard social learning theory in connection with child psychology. For them, social learning theory, in fact, â€Å"combines reinforcement learning theory with psychoanalytic concepts and some of the insights of cultural anthropology and sociology† and as such they hold that the reinforcement aspect of social learning theory has got great relevance in modulating the child’s behavior through appropriate systems of rewards and punishments (Beg &Beg 35). One should also bear in mind that later the concept of rewards and punishments gave way

Cultural Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cultural - Research Paper Example This paper considers an economic explanation and an ecological one, along with an analysis of forest symbolism and a sociological analysis of honey collecting, to form the thesis of this paper: that the impact of hunting and honey-collection subsistence activities of the Mbuti, on gender and social organization, is mediated by forest symbolism that serves as a basis for their ideology, and that Forest symbolism and consequent social organization, of this hunter-gatherer society, shapes gender practices with respect to net and archery hunting, and also to honey collection. Five distinct theories are presented in this paper. The first, by Bailey and Aunger, is basically an economic theory. They argue that net hunting is participated in by women in areas where Mbuti find it to be more economically rewarding than working in the village gardens of agriculturalist outsiders. In archery hunting areas, this is not so. The second is Abruzzi’s, ecological theory about population pressur e. Abruzzi argues that the net hunting and archery hunting division is an adaptive response to the invasion of Mbuti territory by non-Mbuti outsiders. The third theory, core to this paper, is from a fascinating descriptive analysis by Mosko. Mosko’s paper introduces a structuralist theory of forest symbolism and kinship representation, nothing overtly specific to net and archery hunting, but actually, it would appear, quite central to it. The symbolism of the forest, as conceived by the Mbuti, and described by Mosko, places men at the center, the hearth, the vaginal entry to and exit from the womb, and similarly as close as possible to the center of the forest, the sacred space where it is forbidden to disturb by hunting. It places women at the periphery, near the food baskets in huts, and similarly in labor contact with the agriculturalists, at the periphery of Mbuti territory. Having read the other two papers first, and later reading Mosko’s paper, the idea dawned (t he fourth theory being the theory stated as the thesis of this paper) that the connection between gender and subsistence and social organization, as it pertains to net and archery hunting, actually has its roots in the forest symbolism of which Mosko spoke, although he did not apply it to that consideration. It follows to ask why, then, as so many anthropologists and ethnographers have asked before; why do women participate in net hunting but seldom to never in archery hunting? How might this unique, non-materialist way of looking at Mbuti social organization, from a more emic perspective of forest symbolism contribute to answering this question? The fifth theory considered in this paper is an ecological and sociological analysis of honey collection activities and norms. Ichikawa emphasized that honey collection, among net hunting Mbuti, is an activity that strengthens social organization, and that women and children participate in honey collection activities but do not, themselves, actually collect the honey, as that is done only by men. Inputting honey-collection information into consideration of the thesis of this paper, remaining sensitive to Mosko’s explanation of emic forest symbolism, the question of â€Å"why† might be more confidently answered. The impact of hunting and honey-collection subsistence activities of the Mbuti, on gender

Discussion 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion 5 - Assignment Example Your book Chapters 8 and 9 discuss several ways to test the soundness of an argument. Now it is your turn to apply the tests. Go to a website that provides political opinion, such as the Huffington Post. Find a brief article that contains a clear argument. Evaluate the argument for its soundness. Link the article at the end of your response by copying its Web address. Answer: The author highlights the point that congress needs a pay raise so people who arent wealthy can serve by referring to a series of arguments by Rep. Alcee Hasting, such as â€Å"the current system doesnt offer enough incentives for less-affluent citizens to enter public service†. The aforementioned argument with unstated premises can be converted into the following syllogism: Testing the statements for validity by Venn diagram and rules method indicates that the argument is logically valid. However, the evidence presented in support of the premises is rather vague and ambiguous. The annual salary of Congress members is much higher than the median household income in United States. The truth in the prediction that, â€Å"20 years out, the only people that will be able to serve in this institution will be people who are wealthy†, is untestable and probably fallacious. In support of the claim, only three staff members had left and that too ‘suspiciously’. The argument is valid logically, but it lacks soundness because of weak and vague evidence in support of the claims (Valencia, 2015; Moore & Parker, 2015). Valencia, J. (2015, May 19). Rep. Alcee Hastings: Congress needs a pay raise so people who arent wealthy can serve. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from

Management Business Intelligence

Management Business Intelligence Information systems Information Systems deals with the application of people, technologies and procedures to solve business problems. Management information systems are different from the normal is in the sense that they are applied in analyzing other is used in operational activities of the organization. In academics, the term usually refers to a group information management methods associated with the automation and decision making of humans for example, expert systems, decision support system , executive information systems. In management information system data is carefully and systematically collected, stored and disseminated in the form of information required to perform roles of management. The Zara has made of use of IS and to advance in many areas. This has resulted in huge success for the company. This included application of Business intelligence (BI) involves technologies, practices for collection, integration and applications to analyze and present business information. The main aim of business intelligence is to promote better business decision making. BI describes a group of information on concepts and methods to better decision making in business. This is achieved by employing a fact based support systems. The intelligence systems are data-driven and sometimes used in executive information systems. Predictive views on business operations can be provided by use of BI systems. predictive views on business operations can be provided by use of BI systems since historical and current data has been gathered into a data bank performance management benchmarking is done whereby information on other companies in the same industry is gathered. Since the Zaras have large network and therefore dealing with large volumes of data, an enterprise information system has been employed in the firm. This is generally a type of computing systems that involves an enterprise class that is, typically offering total quality service handling large volumes of data and able to sustain a big organization. With this system, a technology platform is provided which enables the enterprise is provided to that information can be shared in all useful levels of management enterprise systems are important in removing the problem of fragmentation of information. This happens when there are numerous information systems in an enterprise. The problem is solved by developing a standard data structure. The Zara being big organization, the enterprise systems is housed in many different data centers, and includes content management system as the main application. The Zara team comprises technology professionals. These include content specialists, network and system engineers, flash developers, database business analysts and administrators, software developers, quality assurance managers and computer and applications support technicians. All these specialists work in tandem to bring about competitive advantage to business by allowing for quick-response capability. The Zara is devoted to integrating information technology appropriately into all areas of its operations and activities. The range of services and resources available to its clients is attributed to the commitment of integration of IT properly in the organization. The client services group in the Zara partners with staff and clients to identify and meet each groups technological requirements. This group of technical advisors associates with departments to execute a roadmap for a teams technological vision and then defines this vision within entity projects. Much support is required for invariable innovation. The Zara IT group is devoted to developing community through technology and operates closely with business associates. The IT group is devoted to developing community through technology and operates closely with business associates. The IT group has technical support and tools they require to come up with new ideas and spread the ideas to the wider community worldwide. This ensures that client needs are realized. A constantly growing state-of-the-art technology infrastructure has enabled the firm to develop and maintain a fully integrated organization/ enterprise. The infrastructure has enabled the firm to develop and maintain a fully integrated organization/ enterprise. The infrastructure entails a core of systems and attempts designed to produce the flexibility and capacity for innovation and growth. The Zara thrives in an environment of change, experimentation and learning that is spreading over the boundaries for the application of IT in their business in the enterprises an easy-to-use modular tools, templates and platforms that involve all sides of life at the Zara firms including career development , administration and operations are implemented and developed. In the Zara other web-based solutions are deployed with an advance knowledge management thereby making a big shift in the quality and speed of work in how the enterprises function. In the exploding growth of the software market a new world growth for the software market a new world of connectivity is realized in the Zara. The urgency of the business recognizing the importance of corporate portal has enabled linkage of information, data, people and knowledge to provide business solutions. The corporate portals come from consumer portals like Alta-vista, yahoo! and Lycos. The portals (gateways) show the importance of letting clients have a wide scope of varied information on the web. This has given rise to the increase in multitasking, receiving information and checking from varied sources and thereby getting involved in projects that cross geographical boundaries with this technology the needs of the community, employees and even the extended network that is more advanced are served. The Zara is possibly the most devastating and innovative retailer in the world. With more than 1000 shops world wide, the Zara has turned controlled over garment factories into a competitive advantage by making and designing the garments. By making the garments itself, it can quickly react to varying market trends. The Zara has been able to succeed in building a massive brand , without promotion or advertising but through the information systems and information technology Recommendations Electronic gift vouchers should be introduced. The credit cards should be fitted with a micro computer chip which will debit the value for sale when pilfered, leaving on the card any remainder. The data should be updated to reduce the tendency of supply chains and all open-loop information systems to increase small hinderances. The IT services should be expanded to provide a comprehensive promotion of development for information and communications technology for the enterprise. The services are to be delivered to meet the needs of the clients. The ICT services should implement the I CT plan for important business systems. Other business applications such as financial management systems should be developed due to the growing numbers of users accessing electronic mail. Anew and easy to use computer policy is to be provided and thereby make new radical improvements to the website. The councils ICT strategy has to be implemented for the whole enterprise. A major evaluation of ICT strategy should be conducted to pave way for a new strategy for a further 4 to 7 years. There is also need for development of an IT program. The program will stand as an assessment to the resources of the IT staff that are to sustain the current systems and to implement and develop newer systems. Resources should be allocated to carry on the ICT strategy and improve important business applications. The information technology should be innovated for bigger success to be realized. The growing expectations for transparency should make the Zara look into more technology that is adaptable to the clients the organization should make use of I.T and client acceptance technologies. Here the I.T infrastructure should be modernized, to meet the competitive world. I.T experts should conduct literary reviews for different countries to gain information about the framework upon which good strategies are formulated for the betterment of the enterprise. A central organization of information technology is required for proactive resolutions to encourage wide use of information technology. Concepts of operations need to be classified to increase efficiency, quality and effectiveness of funding of IT processes. The stake-holders, should be educated on the value of advancing IT to facilitate the stakeholder buy-in. The adoption of I.T should be recommended. References www.sap.com www.northayrshire.gov.uk www.fashionedunited.co.uk/news www.havardbusiness.online.hbsp.harvard.ed www.hbswk.hbs.edu www.123helpine.com www.helium.com www.en.wikipedia.org www.computerweekly.com www.doicontentdirection.com

Class and Culture Essays -- Sociology

Introduction In various societies across the globe, culture is normally seen as an enabling or limiting factor for social, political and economic progression. Through this understanding it has been established that there is a strong relationship between class and culture. This relationship has been previously investigated by researchers such as Pierre Bourdieu who identified that class affects culture and consequently, culture affects ones life chances, income and other economic parameters (Lane 2000, p. 1). Many other researchers have often voiced their concerns over the increased gap between the rich and the poor (worldwide) and expressed their concern over the fact that the world has failed to acknowledge the role of culture in widening this gap (Fieschi 2011, p. 1). The relationship between class and culture is of a vertical nature and it has been evidenced all over the world that the culture of the highest class is the most distinguished culture (Christie 2001, p. 201). This observation is true because the culture of the highest classes is often deemed to be superior to the culture of the lowest classes. More importantly, it is essential to understand that the culture of the highest classes also stands out because the ruling class normally comes from the highest classes and so they exert their influence over other classes. From this reinforced relationship between class and culture, many philosophers have come up with a new insight purporting that culture in its true essence maintains class domination and therefore there is no strongly distinguishable difference in the way culture and economics relate, and how economic capital works (Fieschi 2011, p. 1). However, this debate is not only one-sided because in recent decad... ...ged that university education is one of the widest platform through which high culture spreads. This is true because frankly, all elements of high culture are taught in university through various arts, linguistic, business and affiliated courses. This is a new development because in previous centuries, elements of high culture (probably with the exception of classics) were not included in the education system. This fact therefore exposes the increasingly dominant nature of the high culture in the society. To further affirm this view, it is essential to identify the increased uptake of liberal arts courses in university which essentially promotes concepts of the high culture, while generally shunning elements of the low culture. This is however not evidently seen because most universities have dropped the use of the term â€Å"high culture† but still teach its elements.